F A C T No. 4
Ivan the Terrible & Co.
In 1462, Ivan III began to rule in Russia, who fell on the shoulders of the church’s struggle with heretics but also began to have conflicts in the church, it was divided into two camps, some believed that the church should have property, others believed that it shouldn’t. They also had a different attitude towards heretics. At this time, Russia had a coat of arms with a double-headed eagle brought to Moscow by the second wife of Ivan III, Sofia Paleolog, who came from the Byzantine imperial dynasty.
Then, at the beginning of the 16th century, the idea of the origin of the Moscow Grand Dukes from the Roman emperor Augustus took shape. Another theory is closely connected with it - about Moscow as a “third Rome”. It was formulated by the abbot of the Pskov Elizarov monastery Filofei in his letters to the Grand Duke Vasily III in 1510-1511. According to his views, previously there were two world Christian centers - first ancient Rome, and then Byzantium. Rome itself fell because of its heresies, a departure from "true Christianity." "Second Rome" (Constantinople) - because of the union with Catholicism (Florence Union of 1439). Moscow, however, rejected this union and turned into the world center of Christianity, the only legitimate successor to ancient Rome. The theory “Moscow is the third Rome” substantiated not only the world significance of the Moscow state and the greatness of its ruler, but also affirmed the exceptional importance of the Russian church.
In 1547, Ivan IV the Terrible began to rule Russia, he introduced a new collection by law, fought with the remnants of the Golden Horde, that is, with the khanates. During his reign, Russia was oprichnina. The king wanted inside the country to create such a territory where only he would rule, because before the king did not have unlimited power. The country was divided into oprichnina and zemshchina, in oprichnina there was totalitarianism, the tsar also ruled in zemshchina, but everything was there as before. But then everything became as before. In general, Ivan the Terrible had mental problems. As a child, his mother was killed, his father too, he grew up in a society of boyars who abused him. He constantly thought that they wanted to kill him, suspected everyone of a conspiracy. Also preserved is the fact that in childhood he threw cats and dogs from the towers and enjoyed their torment by forbidding them from killing. The conquest of Siberia by Ermak also belongs to the reign of Ivan the Terrible. It’s funny, but once the enemies attacked Yermak’s detachment at night and he jumped into the water to escape but drowned because the armor that Ivan the Terrible gave him was too heavy. Nevertheless, Ivan the Terrible put an end to corruption in Russia.